Review Article
The Threats of Insecurity and Climate Change on Farming and Livestock Economy in the Northern Districts of Zamfara State, Nigeria
Mas’ud Bello, Musa Abdullahi, Ahmed D. Garba
Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; 39-49.
https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2026.v06i02.002
The conditions of farmers and the state of the livestock economy in Zamfara State call for a very serious concern because of their spillover effects on the neighbouring states of Kebbi, Sokoto, Katsina and Kaduna and, by extension, the implications on food security in Nigeria. This study examined the travails of insecurity, its dimensions, and the threats it poses to livelihood, peace, and economic development. This phenomenon has grossly affected the scale and stability of agricultural and livestock production in the state. The paper appraised, in depth, the causes of insecurity in the study area and how it has impacted on the livelihood of the people, particularly farming and livestock production. The article also highlighted the connection between artisanal gold mining and acts of banditry, among others. The paper adopted a mixed research methodology of literature review and field interview with a view to marrying the data collected from the field with the literature to arrive at some findings that may be useful for future planning with a view to managing the conflict, mitigating its consequences, and averting future reoccurrence.
Review Article
Political Corruption and Nigeria’s Security Crises
Okene, Nelson V.C, Arthur Paul Jaja
Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; 50-57.
https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2026.v06i02.003
There is no development problem in Nigeria that is as recurrent and problematic as corruption. Its pervasiveness and intractability as well as the danger it poses to the wellbeing of Nigerian citizens especially the ordinary Nigerians make corruption a topic that will continue to attract scholarly debate and policy attention. Since the advent of democratic rule in Nigeria in 1999, hitherto long nurtured but suppressed feelings of neglect, marginalization, discrimination and domination by aggrieved sections of the society against the Nigerian state have burst in the open; and the political space have been flooded with separatist movements, calls for resource control/restructuring of the polity. This has secretly given vent to emergence of ethnic militias, escalation of youth restiveness, kidnapping and hostage taking which pose a threat to the corporate existence of Nigeria. The study examined the role of political corruption in Nigeria. This study adopts the rentier state theory as its framework of analysis; it relies on secondary data and situates corruption at the centre of political instability in Nigeria. The paper argues that the clamour for restructuring Nigeria, separatist agitations and crisis of governance in country are direct responses to social injustice and the obstacles imposed on the nation’s development through acts of corruption. Thus, the study recommends among others that corruption should attract severe penalty which should act as deterrent to perpetrators of corruption in Nigeria.
Research Article
Oil Theft and Revenue Loss in Nigeria
Oyeinbrakemi I. Azebi, KUNEMOEMI, Zacchaeus
Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; 58-70.
https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2026.v06i02.004
This paper investigates the effects of oil theft on revenue loss in Nigeria over the period 1990 to 2025. Crude Oil Theft, Pipeline Vandalisation, Crude Oil Production, Security Expenditure on Oil Production were used as a proxy for oil theft while revenue loss serves as the dependent variable. Secondary data were sourced from the World Bank World Development indicators (WDI), International, Monetary Fund (IMF) and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Report 2025. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test was employed to examine the stationarity properties of the variables, while the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model was utilized to estimate both short-run and long-run dynamics. The bounds testing approach confirms the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. Empirical findings reveal that crude oil theft had a negative but significant relationship with revenue. However, pipeline vandalisation exhibited a positive and significant relationship with revenue loss. Also, crude oil production reported a negative and insignificant relationship with revenue loss while security expenditure on oil production had a positive but insignificant relationship with revenue loss. Hence, it was concluded that oil theft had a significant impact on revenue loss in Nigeria. It was recomemded amongst that the Federal Government of Nigeria, through the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited and the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission, should intensify the deployment of advanced surveillance technologies such as real-time metering systems, drones, and satellite monitoring to curb crude oil theft.
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