Understanding the Molecular Mechanistic Anthelmintic Potential of Trichosanthes dioica Seed

Background: Herbal treatments have historically been used to cure a variety of human problems. To identify a single element that could be the basis for creating novel, therapeutically effective medicines, researchers examined herbal remedies. The genus Trichosanthes in the family Cucurbitaceae contains an annual or perennial herb that grows in tropical Asia and Australia. The pointed gourd, or parwal (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb), is mostly farmed as a vegetable. T. dioica leaf juice is employed in the treatment of edema, alopecia, subacute liver enlargement, as a febrifuge, and as a tonic. The Charaka Samhita lists fruit and leaf cures for jaundice and intoxication. The pharmacology of the various parts of T. dioica has been the subject of numerous scientific investigations, but some more traditionally important therapeutic benefits are still awaiting scientific confirmation. Aim: In the present study in -vivo and in -silico evaluation of anthelmintic potential of Trichosanthes dioica seed extracts was carried out. Further proposed mechanism of Anthelmintic efficacy of Trichosanthes dioica seed was determined by molecular docking. Method: In the current study, a molecular docking technique was used to try and identify β -tubulin of the helminth’s protein inhibitors. A grid-based docking strategy was used to determine the binding using the Auto Dock software. Merck Molecular Force Field was used to build the 2D structures of compounds, convert them to 3D, and then energetically reduce them up to arms gradient of 0.01. (MMFF). Result: The ethyl acetate extract at 50 mg/mL was the most active against Pheretimaposthuma. The extract exhibited a paralytic effect at 3.0 min and caused actual death at 6.6 min. The PEE, EAE & EE exhibited a dose dependent activity; however, the EAE effect at 50 mg/mL against Pheretima posthuma (earthworm) was not significantly different from that of albendazole, 10 mg/mL. The result of molecular docking was tabulated in table 7, showing binding energy -3.42 & -1.38 kcal/mol for betulin and karounidiol respectively. Conclusion: The anthelmintic potential of T.dioica seed was due to synergetic effect of Betulin and karounidiol via inhibition of the β -tubulin of the helminths.